Key Principles of Software Testing
Here are some key principles of software testing
Testing Shows the Presence of Defects, Not Their Absence
Testing can reveal defects in software, but it cannot guarantee that no defects exist. It only increases confidence in the software's quality.
Exhaustive Testing Is Impossible
It is impractical to test all possible inputs, paths, and scenarios. Instead, risk-based and prioritized testing techniques should be used.
Early Testing Saves Time and Cost
The earlier defects are found, the cheaper and easier they are to fix. Testing should begin as early as possible in the software development lifecycle.
Defect Clustering
A small number of modules often contain the majority of defects. This follows the Pareto Principle (80/20 rule), where 80% of problems are found in 20% of the system.
Pesticide Paradox
Repeating the same set of tests will not uncover new defects. Test cases should be regularly reviewed and updated to remain effective.
Testing Is Context-Dependent
Different applications require different testing approaches. A banking application needs rigorous security testing, while a gaming app may focus on performance testing.
Absence of Errors Is a Fallacy
Even if a system is defect-free, it may not meet user requirements. Ensuring the software functions correctly is not enough; it must also fulfill business needs.
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