🐍 Python Strings: Basics and Advanced Formatting
In Python, a string is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes. Strings are one of the most commonly used data types and are immutable, meaning once created, they cannot be changed.
🔹 Basics of Strings
✅ Creating Strings
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name = "Alice"
greeting = 'Hello'
sentence = """This is a
multi-line string."""
✅ String Operations
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# Concatenation
full = "Hello" + " " + "World"
# Repetition
echo = "Hi! " * 3 # Output: 'Hi! Hi! Hi! '
# Length
length = len("Python") # 6
# Indexing
word = "Python"
first_letter = word[0] # 'P'
last_letter = word[-1] # 'n'
# Slicing
part = word[1:4] # 'yth'
✅ String Methods
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text = " hello world "
print(text.strip()) # Removes leading/trailing spaces
print(text.upper()) # ' HELLO WORLD '
print(text.lower()) # ' hello world '
print(text.replace("hello", "hi")) # ' hi world '
print("world" in text) # True
🔹 Advanced String Formatting
Python provides several ways to format strings:
1. f-strings (Python 3.6+) — Most Recommended
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name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
You can also add expressions inside:
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print(f"Next year, I will be {age + 1}.")
2. str.format() Method
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name = "Bob"
age = 25
print("My name is {} and I am {} years old.".format(name, age))
With placeholders:
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print("Name: {0}, Age: {1}".format(name, age))
print("Age: {age}, Name: {name}".format(name="Luna", age=22))
3. % Formatting (Old Style)
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name = "Chris"
age = 40
print("My name is %s and I am %d years old." % (name, age))
🔹 Formatting Numbers and Strings
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price = 19.99
print(f"Price: ${price:.2f}") # 2 decimal places
num = 1234
print(f"Number with commas: {num:,}") # Output: '1,234'
Padding and alignment:
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text = "cat"
print(f"{text:>10}") # Right-align in 10 spaces
print(f"{text:<10}") # Left-align
print(f"{text:^10}") # Center
🔹 Useful String Tricks
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# Join
words = ['Python', 'is', 'fun']
sentence = " ".join(words) # 'Python is fun'
# Split
text = "one,two,three"
parts = text.split(',') # ['one', 'two', 'three']
# Check start/end
url = "https://openai.com"
print(url.startswith("https")) # True
print(url.endswith(".com")) # True
🔚 Conclusion
Strings in Python are powerful and flexible. From simple operations like concatenation to advanced formatting with f-strings and format(), Python gives you all the tools you need for working with text.
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