⚙️ Back-End Development with .NET

.NET is a powerful, modern, open-source framework developed by Microsoft for building scalable and high-performance web, desktop, cloud, and mobile applications. For back-end development, ASP.NET Core is the go-to framework.

📌 What is ASP.NET Core?

A cross-platform, high-performance framework for building REST APIs, web apps, and microservices.

Runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Fully open-source and actively maintained by Microsoft and the community.

🧱 Core Components of a .NET Back-End App

Layer Description

Controller Handles HTTP requests and maps them to logic

Service Layer Contains business logic

Repository/Data Layer Interacts with the database

Models/DTOs Define data structure used in requests and responses

🚀 Getting Started with .NET Back-End

1. Install .NET SDK

Download from: https://dotnet.microsoft.com

bash

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dotnet --version

2. Create a Web API Project

bash

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dotnet new webapi -n MyBackendApp

cd MyBackendApp

dotnet run

This starts a sample API using ASP.NET Core.

🧩 Key Features

✅ RESTful API Development

Create endpoints using Controllers and route attributes:

csharp

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[ApiController]

[Route("api/[controller]")]

public class UsersController : ControllerBase

{

    [HttpGet("{id}")]

    public IActionResult GetUser(int id)

    {

        // Fetch user logic

        return Ok(new { id, name = "John Doe" });

    }

}

✅ Dependency Injection (DI)

Built-in support for injection of services:

csharp

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public interface IUserService { ... }

public class UserService : IUserService { ... }

builder.Services.AddScoped<IUserService, UserService>();

✅ Entity Framework Core (EF Core)

ORM for accessing SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite.

csharp

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public class AppDbContext : DbContext

{

    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

}

Migrations:

bash

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dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate

dotnet ef database update

✅ Middleware Pipeline

Custom logic for requests and responses:

csharp

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app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthentication();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllers();

✅ Authentication & Authorization

Use JWT, OAuth2, or integrate with IdentityServer.

ASP.NET Core supports Role-based and Policy-based authorization.

✅ Cross-Platform Hosting

Host your .NET app on:

Windows or Linux servers

Docker containers

Azure App Services

AWS or Google Cloud

📦 Tools & Libraries

Purpose Tool

ORM / DB Access Entity Framework Core

API Docs Swagger / Swashbuckle

Logging Serilog, NLog

Testing xUnit, MSTest, Moq

Security ASP.NET Core Identity, JWT Bearer Auth

Background Jobs Hangfire, Quartz.NET

✅ Best Practices

Use DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) to isolate API contracts.

Validate inputs using FluentValidation or DataAnnotations.

Keep logic in Service and Repository layers.

Use async/await for all I/O operations.

Use Environment-based configuration (appsettings.json, secrets.json, etc.)

🧪 Example Project Ideas

Project Features

Task Manager API CRUD, Auth, Logging

E-commerce Backend Products, Cart, Orders

Blog CMS Admin panel, SEO, Markdown

Chat API SignalR for real-time messaging

Job Board API Filtering, search, roles

📘 Learning Resources

📚 Microsoft Learn – .NET

🎥 YouTube channels like IAmTimCorey, DotNET, Nick Chapsas

📘 Books: Pro ASP.NET Core, Entity Framework Core in Action

📝 Summary

Feature .NET Core Benefit

Performance Excellent (top-ranked on benchmarks)

Cross-platform Yes

Tooling Excellent (Visual Studio, VS Code)

API Support Full REST, GraphQL, SignalR

Hosting Cloud, Docker, On-Premises

Enterprise-ready Yes

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