How to Handle Browser Pop-ups and Alerts in Selenium with Java

🛑 How to Handle Browser Pop-ups and Alerts in Selenium (Java)

Browser pop-ups and JavaScript alerts are common when working with web applications. Selenium provides a simple way to handle them using the Alert interface.

✅ Types of Browser Pop-ups

JavaScript Alerts / Confirms / Prompts

Authentication Pop-ups (username/password)

HTML-based modals or pop-ups

Selenium can only directly interact with JavaScript pop-ups (not OS-level pop-ups).

✅ 1. Handling JavaScript Alerts in Selenium (Java)

🚨 Example: Alert

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// Switch to the alert

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Accept the alert

alert.accept();

🚨 Example: Confirm Box

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Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Dismiss the alert (click Cancel)

alert.dismiss();

🚨 Example: Prompt Box

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Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Send text to the prompt

alert.sendKeys("Some input");

// Accept the prompt

alert.accept();

✅ Complete Example:

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import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class AlertHandlingExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://example.com/alert-demo");

        // Trigger the alert

        driver.findElement(By.id("alertButton")).click();

        // Switch and accept the alert

        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

        System.out.println("Alert text: " + alert.getText());

        alert.accept();

        driver.quit();

    }

}

✅ 2. Handling Authentication Pop-ups (Basic Auth)

Selenium cannot handle browser-based authentication pop-ups directly, but a workaround is to pass credentials in the URL:

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driver.get("https://username:password@yourwebsite.com");

⚠️ Only works with HTTP Basic Auth (not custom login dialogs).

✅ 3. Handling HTML-Based Pop-ups

If the pop-up is HTML (not a real browser alert), treat it like any other web element:

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driver.findElement(By.className("modal-close")).click();

⏱️ Optional: Wait for Alert to Appear

Sometimes the alert doesn't appear immediately:

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WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

alert.accept();

🧠 Summary

Type of Pop-up Handling Method

JavaScript Alert/Prompt driver.switchTo().alert()

Authentication Pop-up Use URL with credentials

HTML Modal or Dialog Locate and interact like normal element

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