Angular Routing and Navigation in Single Page Applications (SPA)

 Angular's Routing and Navigation system is a core feature that enables building Single Page Applications (SPAs). SPAs dynamically load content without refreshing the entire page, making the user experience smoother and faster.


Here's a breakdown of Angular Routing and Navigation in SPAs:


🔁 What is Angular Routing?

Angular Routing allows you to define how the application should navigate between different views or components based on the URL. It maps URLs to components, ensuring content is rendered dynamically within a single page.


🧱 Key Concepts

1. Routes Configuration

Defined using RouterModule.forRoot() in the app-routing.module.ts.


ts

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const routes: Routes = [

  { path: '', component: HomeComponent },

  { path: 'about', component: AboutComponent },

  { path: 'products/:id', component: ProductDetailComponent },

  { path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent }  // Wildcard route

];

2. RouterModule

You import and configure the RouterModule in your app module:


ts

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@NgModule({

  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],

  exports: [RouterModule]

})

export class AppRoutingModule {}

3. RouterOutlet

A directive that marks where in the template the routed component should be displayed.


html

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<router-outlet></router-outlet>

4. RouterLink

Used to navigate between routes in templates.


html

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<a routerLink="/about">About</a>

To pass dynamic parameters:


html

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<a [routerLink]="['/products', product.id]">View Product</a>

🚦 Programmatic Navigation

You can navigate in code using the Router service:


ts

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constructor(private router: Router) {}


goToAbout() {

  this.router.navigate(['/about']);

}

⚙️ Route Parameters and Query Params

Route Parameters:

ts

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// URL: /products/42

this.route.snapshot.paramMap.get('id');

Query Parameters:

ts

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// URL: /products?id=42

this.route.snapshot.queryParamMap.get('id');

🛡️ Route Guards

Used to control access to routes (e.g., authentication).


ts

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canActivate(): boolean {

  return this.authService.isLoggedIn();

}

Use in routes:


ts

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{ path: 'admin', component: AdminComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard] }

🧩 Lazy Loading

Load modules only when needed to optimize performance.


ts

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{ path: 'admin', loadChildren: () => import('./admin/admin.module').then(m => m.AdminModule) }

📌 Summary

Feature Purpose

RouterModule Configures routes

router-outlet Placeholder for routed components

routerLink Declarative navigation

Router Programmatic navigation

Route Guards Protect or restrict access

Lazy Loading Performance optimization by loading modules on demand

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