Creating a Data-Driven Framework with Selenium and Python

A data-driven framework allows you to run the same test with multiple sets of input data, improving test coverage and maintainability.

Steps to Build a Data-Driven Selenium Framework in Python

1. Set Up Your Environment

Install Selenium:

bash

Copy

Edit

pip install selenium

Install pandas or openpyxl to read data files (CSV, Excel):

bash

Copy

Edit

pip install pandas openpyxl

2. Prepare Test Data

Create a data file (e.g., testdata.xlsx) with columns like:

username password expected_result

user1 pass1 success

user2 pass2 failure

3. Read Data in Python

Use pandas to load data:

python

Copy

Edit

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_excel('testdata.xlsx')

4. Write Selenium Test Script

Here’s an example of a data-driven test for a login page:

python

Copy

Edit

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

import pandas as pd

import time

# Load data

data = pd.read_excel('testdata.xlsx')

# Set up WebDriver (example with Chrome)

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

def login_test(username, password, expected):

    driver.get('https://example.com/login')

    

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username').send_keys(username)

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys(password)

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'submit').click()

    

    time.sleep(2)  # wait for page to load

    

    # Example validation

    if expected == 'success':

        assert "Dashboard" in driver.title

    else:

        error = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'error').text

        assert "Invalid credentials" in error

# Run tests for all data rows

for index, row in data.iterrows():

    login_test(row['username'], row['password'], row['expected_result'])

driver.quit()

5. Organize Your Framework

Test Data: Store Excel/CSV files in a /data folder.

Test Scripts: Write reusable functions and test cases in /tests.

Utilities: Helpers for reading data, logging, reporting, etc.

Configuration: Store URLs, browser settings in a config file.

6. Enhance with pytest for Better Reporting

Install pytest:

bash

Copy

Edit

pip install pytest

Example test case with parameterization:

python

Copy

Edit

import pytest

import pandas as pd

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

import time

data = pd.read_excel('testdata.xlsx')

@pytest.fixture(scope="module")

def driver():

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    yield driver

    driver.quit()

@pytest.mark.parametrize("username,password,expected", data.values)

def test_login(driver, username, password, expected):

    driver.get('https://example.com/login')

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username').send_keys(username)

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys(password)

    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'submit').click()

    time.sleep(2)

    if expected == 'success':

        assert "Dashboard" in driver.title

    else:

        error = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'error').text

        assert "Invalid credentials" in error

Run tests with:

bash

Copy

Edit

pytest test_login.py -v

Summary

Use external data files (Excel/CSV) to drive tests.

Read test data using pandas.

Create reusable Selenium functions to perform UI actions.

Integrate with pytest for parameterized tests and reporting.

Structure your framework for maintainability and scalability.

Learn Selenium Python Training in Hyderabad

Read More

Using unittest Framework with Selenium in Python

🧪 Testing & Frameworks

How to Read Data from Excel or CSV for Selenium Test Automation

Selenium with Python for Testing Login Pages

Visit Our Quality Thought Training in Hyderabad

Get Directions