Databases in Full Stack .NET
🗂️ Databases in Full Stack .NET
In full stack .NET development, the database is a crucial part of the backend, responsible for storing, retrieving, and managing data that the application uses.
.NET supports several types of databases and provides powerful tools to interact with them.
🔷 Common Databases Used in .NET
1. Relational Databases
These are the most commonly used databases in .NET projects.
✅ Popular Choices:
SQL Server (Microsoft’s flagship database)
PostgreSQL
MySQL
SQLite (for lightweight/local development)
2. NoSQL Databases
Used when flexibility or scalability is more important than strict schema design.
✅ Popular Choices:
MongoDB
Cosmos DB (Microsoft's NoSQL solution)
Redis (often used for caching)
🔧 How .NET Connects to Databases
.NET applications use data access technologies to communicate with databases.
🔹 1. ADO.NET
Low-level data access
Gives full control over SQL queries and connections
Mostly used for performance-critical or legacy applications
🔹 2. Entity Framework (EF) Core
Most popular modern ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) in .NET
Maps .NET classes to database tables
Supports migrations, LINQ queries, change tracking
Example of a simple EF Core model:
csharp
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public class Product
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
🔹 3. Dapper
Lightweight and faster than EF Core
Micro-ORM used when performance and simplicity are key
You write SQL manually, but mapping is easier than raw ADO.NET
🧱 Common Architecture in Full Stack .NET
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Frontend (React / Angular / Blazor)
↓
Backend (.NET Web API)
↓
Database (SQL Server, PostgreSQL, etc.)
.NET typically uses ASP.NET Core Web API as the backend, which:
Exposes RESTful endpoints
Handles business logic
Communicates with the database using EF Core or Dapper
🚀 Key Concepts for Database Work in .NET
Concept Description
Migrations Automatically update database schema via code
DbContext EF Core’s way of managing database access
LINQ Query data in a type-safe way
Connection Strings Define how .NET connects to your database
Seeding Data Pre-populating a database with initial values
✅ Best Practices
Use EF Core for rapid development, but switch to Dapper or raw SQL when performance is critical.
Store connection strings securely, e.g., in appsettings.json or environment variables.
Keep your data access layer separate from business logic for clean architecture.
Use migrations to manage schema changes in a version-controlled way.
📌 Example Tech Stack
Layer Technology
Frontend React or Blazor
Backend ASP.NET Core Web API
ORM Entity Framework Core
Database SQL Server or PostgreSQL
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