Introduction to Prometheus and Grafana

📈 Introduction to Prometheus and Grafana

Modern systems generate a lot of data — about CPU usage, memory, errors, API latency, etc. Monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana help you:


Understand system performance


Detect issues early


Visualize trends over time


Alert when something goes wrong


Together, Prometheus + Grafana is a popular open-source stack for monitoring.


🔍 What is Prometheus?

Prometheus is an open-source metrics monitoring and alerting toolkit designed for reliability and scalability.


🔧 Key Features:

Time-series database (stores data as metrics over time)


Pull-based architecture (Prometheus pulls metrics from targets)


Powerful query language: PromQL


Supports alerts via Alertmanager


Designed for cloud-native systems (like Kubernetes)


📊 What Does Prometheus Monitor?

CPU and memory usage


HTTP requests and errors


Database performance


Custom business metrics


Anything that can be measured and exposed as a metric can be monitored.


📉 What is Grafana?

Grafana is an open-source dashboard and visualization tool. It connects to Prometheus (and other data sources) to show metrics as beautiful graphs and charts.


🖼️ Key Features:

Customizable dashboards


Real-time visualizations


Supports multiple data sources (Prometheus, InfluxDB, MySQL, etc.)


Alerts and notifications


Role-based access control


🧪 How They Work Together

Prometheus collects metrics from your application or infrastructure.


It stores those metrics in its time-series database.


Grafana connects to Prometheus as a data source.


You create dashboards in Grafana to visualize those metrics.


Prometheus can also trigger alerts if thresholds are breached.


🛠️ Simple Setup Overview

Prometheus:

Install Prometheus.


Configure targets in prometheus.yml (e.g., your app, node_exporter).


Run Prometheus and access it at http://localhost:9090.


Example target config:


yaml

Copy

Edit

scrape_configs:

  - job_name: 'myapp'

    static_configs:

      - targets: ['localhost:8080']

Grafana:

Install Grafana.


Access Grafana at http://localhost:3000.


Add Prometheus as a data source.


Create dashboards with queries using PromQL.


⚠️ Real-World Use Cases

Monitor a web app’s response time and uptime


Track CPU and memory usage in Kubernetes clusters


Get alerts if disk space is running low


Visualize API request rates, error rates, and latency


🧠 Summary Table

Tool Purpose Key Feature

Prometheus Metrics collection & alerting Pulls metrics, stores time series

Grafana Data visualization Custom dashboards, real-time data


🚀 Want to Learn More?

Let me know if you'd like:


A step-by-step installation guide


How to monitor a Node.js or Python app


How to create a Prometheus exporter


Setting up alerts in Prometheus & Grafana

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