Top 10 Best Practices for Writing Clean Selenium Tests in Java
Top 10 Best Practices for Writing Clean Selenium Tests in Java
Use Page Object Model (POM)
Organize your test code by creating separate page classes that represent web pages. This improves maintainability and readability.
java
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public class LoginPage {
private WebDriver driver;
private By username = By.id("username");
private By password = By.id("password");
private By loginButton = By.id("loginBtn");
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public void login(String user, String pass) {
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}
Use Explicit Waits Instead of Thread.sleep()
Replace hard-coded sleeps with explicit waits to wait for specific conditions, which reduces flaky tests.
java
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WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId")));
Keep Tests Independent
Each test should be able to run on its own without dependencies on other tests. This improves reliability and parallel execution.
Use Descriptive Test Method Names
Name tests clearly to reflect their purpose, e.g., shouldLoginWithValidCredentials(), to make test reports readable.
Avoid Using XPath Where Possible
Prefer using IDs, names, or CSS selectors over XPath for better performance and maintainability.
Use Constants for Locators
Define locators as constants or private variables to avoid duplication and ease maintenance.
Implement Reusable Utility Methods
Create helper methods for repetitive actions like clicking, typing, and scrolling to reduce code duplication.
Clean Up Resources Properly
Always close the browser after tests run by using @After or @AfterClass methods to avoid resource leaks.
Parameterize Tests
Use data-driven testing techniques like TestNG’s @DataProvider or JUnit’s parameterized tests to run the same test with multiple data sets.
Use Assertions Wisely
Use clear and meaningful assertions to verify expected behavior and provide helpful failure messages.
java
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Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle, "Page title did not match!");
Bonus Tips
Use Logging: Incorporate logging to help debug failures.
Run Tests in Headless Mode: Speeds up execution in CI environments.
Integrate with CI/CD: Automate test runs for continuous feedback.
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