Getting Started with Git and GitHub
Git and GitHub are essential tools for modern software development. Git is a version control system, while GitHub is a platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories.
1. What Is Git?
Git is a tool that:
Tracks changes in files
Maintains version history
Allows multiple people to work on the same project
Helps you revert to previous versions if needed
Git works locally on your computer.
2. What Is GitHub?
GitHub is a cloud-based platform that:
Hosts Git repositories online
Enables collaboration through pull requests
Provides issue tracking and project management
Supports code reviews and CI/CD integrations
GitHub works with Git but is not the same thing.
3. Installing Git
Windows
Download from: https://git-scm.com
Use default installation options
macOS
brew install git
Linux
sudo apt install git
Check installation:
git --version
4. Basic Git Configuration
Set your username and email:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
5. Creating Your First Git Repository
Initialize a Repository
git init
Check Repository Status
git status
6. Git Workflow Basics
Add Files to Staging Area
git add file.txt
git add .
Commit Changes
git commit -m "Initial commit"
View Commit History
git log
7. Working with Branches
Branches allow you to work on features independently.
Create a Branch
git branch feature-1
Switch Branch
git checkout feature-1
Or in one command:
git checkout -b feature-1
8. Connecting Git to GitHub
Step 1: Create a Repository on GitHub
Log in to GitHub
Click New Repository
Copy the repository URL
Step 2: Add Remote Repository
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repo.git
Step 3: Push Code to GitHub
git push -u origin main
9. Cloning a Repository
git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git
10. Pulling and Pushing Changes
Pull Latest Changes
git pull origin main
Push Your Changes
git push origin main
11. Pull Requests (PRs)
Pull requests allow you to:
Propose changes
Review code
Merge changes into the main branch
Workflow:
Create a branch
Make changes
Push branch
Open a Pull Request on GitHub
12. Common Git Commands Summary
Command Purpose
git init Initialize repo
git clone Copy repo
git add Stage files
git commit Save changes
git status Check state
git pull Get updates
git push Send changes
13. Best Practices
Commit small, meaningful changes
Write clear commit messages
Use branches for new features
Pull frequently to avoid conflicts
Add .gitignore files
Conclusion
Git and GitHub help you manage code efficiently and collaborate with others. Learning these tools is essential for developers, data scientists, and DevOps engineers.
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