Creating a Selenium Framework from Scratch Using Java and TestNG

June 23, 2025

Creating a Selenium Framework from Scratch Using Java and TestNG

1. Setup Your Project

a. Create a Maven Project

Use an IDE like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse.

Create a new Maven project to manage dependencies easily.

b. Add Dependencies in pom.xml

Add Selenium WebDriver and TestNG dependencies:

xml

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<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>

<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.testng</groupId>

<artifactId>testng</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>

<artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

2. Project Structure

Organize your project like this:

css

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src

├── main

│ └── java

│ └── com.yourcompany.framework

│ ├── base

│ │ └── BaseTest.java

│ ├── pages

│ │ └── LoginPage.java

│ └── utils

│ └── ConfigReader.java

├── test

└── java

└── com.yourcompany.tests

└── LoginTest.java

3. BaseTest Class

This will initialize and manage the WebDriver lifecycle.

java

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package com.yourcompany.framework.base;

import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.testng.annotations.*;

public class BaseTest {

protected WebDriver driver;

@BeforeClass

@Parameters({"browser"})

public void setUp(@Optional("chrome") String browser) {

if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")) {

WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();

driver = new ChromeDriver();

}

// You can add Firefox, Edge, etc. here

driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.get("https://example.com"); // You can externalize this URL

}

@AfterClass

public void tearDown() {

if (driver != null) {

driver.quit();

}

4. Page Object Model (POM) Design

Create a class for each page to encapsulate UI elements and actions.

Example: LoginPage.java

java

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package com.yourcompany.framework.pages;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class LoginPage {

private WebDriver driver;

// WebElements

@FindBy(id = "username")

private WebElement usernameInput;

@FindBy(id = "password")

private WebElement passwordInput;

@FindBy(id = "loginBtn")

private WebElement loginButton;

// Constructor

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);

}

// Actions

public void enterUsername(String username) {

usernameInput.clear();

usernameInput.sendKeys(username);

}

public void enterPassword(String password) {

passwordInput.clear();

passwordInput.sendKeys(password);

}

public void clickLogin() {

loginButton.click();

}

public void login(String username, String password) {

enterUsername(username);

enterPassword(password);

clickLogin();

}

5. Test Class Using TestNG

Create test cases under the test directory.

Example: LoginTest.java

java

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package com.yourcompany.tests;

import com.yourcompany.framework.base.BaseTest;

import com.yourcompany.framework.pages.LoginPage;

import org.testng.Assert;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class LoginTest extends BaseTest {

@Test

public void validLoginTest() {

LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);

loginPage.login("testuser", "testpass");

// Example assertion, replace with actual validation

String expectedUrl = "https://example.com/dashboard";

Assert.assertEquals(driver.getCurrentUrl(), expectedUrl, "User should be redirected to dashboard after login");

}

6. Configuration Management

Store configurable values such as URLs, credentials, timeouts, etc., in a properties file.

Example: config.properties

ini

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baseUrl=https://example.com

username=testuser

password=testpass

Java Class to Read Config:

java

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package com.yourcompany.framework.utils;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Properties;

public class ConfigReader {

private Properties properties = new Properties();

public ConfigReader() {

try {

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/main/resources/config.properties");

properties.load(fis);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public String getProperty(String key) {

return properties.getProperty(key);

}

7. Enhancements

Add logging (e.g., Log4j or slf4j)

Implement Waits (Explicit waits with WebDriverWait)

Add Screenshots on test failure

Parameterize tests with TestNG @DataProvider

Integrate with CI tools like Jenkins

Use Page Factory for efficient element initialization (already shown)

8. Running Tests

You can run your tests using:

TestNG XML Suite file (e.g., testng.xml)

IDE test runners

Maven command:

bash

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mvn clean test

Summary

Set up Maven project and dependencies.

Create a BaseTest to manage WebDriver lifecycle.

Use Page Object Model (POM) to separate UI from test logic.

Write tests with TestNG annotations.

Manage config using properties files.

Add waits, logging, and screenshots for robustness.

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