Cross-Browser Testing with Selenium WebDriver is a key part of ensuring that your web application works consistently across different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari. Below is a guide that walks you through the process, best practices, and code examples.
🌐 What Is Cross-Browser Testing?
Cross-browser testing ensures your web application behaves correctly across multiple:
Browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge)
Versions (e.g., Chrome v119 vs v124)
Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
Devices (Desktop, Mobile, Tablet)
🧪 Why Use Selenium WebDriver?
Selenium WebDriver allows you to:
Interact with real browsers
Automate UI testing
Use with multiple languages (Java, Python, C#, etc.)
Integrate with testing frameworks like TestNG, JUnit, PyTest
🔧 Basic Setup for Cross-Browser Testing
Example: Python + Selenium
python
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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxService
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
def launch_browser(browser_name):
if browser_name.lower() == "chrome":
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
elif browser_name.lower() == "firefox":
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install()))
else:
raise Exception("Browser not supported")
return driver
for browser in ["chrome", "firefox"]:
driver = launch_browser(browser)
driver.get("https://example.com")
print(f"{browser.capitalize()} Title: {driver.title}")
driver.quit()
✅ Best Practices for Cross-Browser Testing
1. Use a Test Framework
Java: TestNG or JUnit
Python: PyTest or unittest
Helps with parameterization, parallel execution, and reporting
2. Use WebDriverManager
Automatically downloads browser drivers
Avoids manual path management
3. Write Browser-Agnostic Tests
Avoid browser-specific selectors or hacks
Use stable element locators (ID, name, CSS selectors)
4. Run Tests in Parallel
Use tools like:
TestNG (Java) with parallel="tests"
PyTest-xdist for parallel execution in Python
bash
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pytest -n 2 # Run with 2 workers
5. Use Cloud-Based Testing for Coverage
Services like:
BrowserStack
Sauce Labs
LambdaTest
They allow you to test across dozens of browsers/OS versions without setting up infrastructure.
🔁 Example: TestNG (Java) Parallel Cross-Browser Setup
xml
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<suite name="CrossBrowserSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="2">
<test name="ChromeTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>
<classes>
<class name="tests.MyTest"/>
</classes>
</test>
<test name="FirefoxTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>
<classes>
<class name="tests.MyTest"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
Java test class:
java
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@Parameters("browser")
@BeforeMethod
public void setup(String browser) {
if(browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")){
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
} else if(browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")){
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
}
🧭 Common Issues to Watch For
Issue Solution
Different rendering behavior Use standard HTML/CSS; test layout early
Element not clickable Use explicit waits, not time.sleep()
Pop-ups or alerts block test Use Alert interface in Selenium
Browser-specific bugs Log them and add conditionals if needed
📦 Tools to Enhance Your Workflow
Allure or Extent Reports for reporting
Selenium Grid for distributed test execution
Docker + Selenoid for lightweight browser containers
CI Integration (Jenkins, GitHub Actions)
✅ Summary
Feature Selenium Cross-Browser Testing
Multi-browser support ✔️
Parallel test execution ✔️ (with frameworks)
Headless testing option ✔️
Cloud integration ✔️ (BrowserStack, etc.)
Language flexibility ✔️ (Java, Python, etc.)
Learn Selenium JAVA Training in Hyderabad
Read More
Implicit vs Explicit Waits in Selenium – What’s the Difference?
Data-Driven Testing Using Excel Files in Selenium + Java
How to Handle Web Tables in Selenium WebDriver
Handling Dropdowns and Multiple Windows in Selenium
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