Git Commands Every Developer Should Know
Git is a distributed version control system that helps developers track changes, collaborate efficiently, and manage code history. Knowing the essential Git commands is crucial for every developer, whether beginner or experienced.
1. Basic Git Setup
git config
Used to configure Git settings.
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
2. Creating and Cloning Repositories
git init
Initializes a new Git repository.
git init
git clone
Creates a copy of an existing repository.
git clone <repository-url>
3. Checking Repository Status
git status
Shows the current state of the working directory.
git status
git log
Displays commit history.
git log
4. Tracking and Saving Changes
git add
Stages changes for commit.
git add .
git commit
Saves staged changes to the repository.
git commit -m "Commit message"
5. Branching and Merging
git branch
Lists or creates branches.
git branch
git branch new-feature
git checkout / git switch
Switches branches.
git checkout new-feature
git switch main
git merge
Merges branches.
git merge new-feature
6. Synchronizing with Remote Repositories
git remote
Manages remote connections.
git remote -v
git pull
Fetches and merges changes from remote.
git pull origin main
git push
Uploads local changes to remote.
git push origin main
7. Undoing Changes
git reset
Unstages or resets commits.
git reset file.txt
git checkout --
Discards local changes.
git checkout -- file.txt
git revert
Creates a new commit that undoes a previous commit.
git revert <commit-hash>
8. Viewing Differences
git diff
Shows changes between commits or working directory.
git diff
9. Stashing Changes
git stash
Temporarily saves changes.
git stash
git stash pop
10. Tagging Releases
git tag
Marks specific commits (often for releases).
git tag v1.0
git push origin v1.0
11. Cleaning and Maintenance
git clean
Removes untracked files.
git clean -f
12. Useful Git Shortcuts
git log --oneline – Compact commit history
git branch -d branch-name – Delete branch
git fetch – Download changes without merging
Conclusion
Mastering these Git commands helps developers work more efficiently, collaborate better, and manage code confidently. While Git has many advanced features, these core commands cover most daily development tasks.
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